0 Being happy or unhappy

Unhappy people spend more time in front of the television , while reading a book , and those people who are happy to participate in various activities .
According to a new study conducted by sociologists from the University of Maryland , unhappy people watched more television , reading books , and if they defined themselves as happy to devote more time out socializing . Research will take place in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research , University of Maryland sociologist John P. Robinson , " the TV does not seem to satisfy the people in the long run . Because the news is more passive and annoying , especially as the economy allows people to escape ," he said . People with more time spent in front of the television watches have surged .
This extra time is spent in sleep, indicating that a portion of Robinson , " Labor and increased hours of TV viewing , such as increasing the hours of sleep . Sleep the second largest cause of dismissal or reducing working hours ," he said .
According to polls, the General Social Research , the researchers describe themselves as happy people devote more time to social activities , religious ceremonies, participated in more , and more and more newspapers than the number of votes they have found what they read . In contrast, the majority of people who are unhappy over their leisure time watching television.
According to the findings , unhappy people watch more TV than an estimated 20 per cent compared to happy people . Robinson and Martin , television watching is easy , the viewers to go somewhere , dress up, find friends , plan to do, do not have to spend energy and the business did not do or say harcamadıklarını money to watch . Researchers Put together all these advantages, why they say you know Americans spend their leisure time watching television more than half .

Devamını oku...

0 What is ATOM?

Atom is the smallest structural unit of which the properties of elements . For example, we start to divide a piece of iron at first, we divide into two parts again, the remaining part of the board . Then we have continued to divide the parts we'd always be a piece of wood , until the small pieces that make up the atoms until the board . Some of the properties of the small parts which made ​​up of more than one atom . In this way more than one atom in the molecule formed by the small pieces are called . For example, the water molecule constituting the smallest parts . Two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom of a water molecule is a molecule formed by the merger . Actually atom was formed with the other parts . These parts are the proton , neutron and electron. In these parts with the smallest electron. According to the difference in the number of these parts is the difference between the atoms . For example, 10 neutrons and 15 protons , electrons in an atom having 15 to 12 neutrons and 15 protons and 15 atomic electrons of a dissimilarity. They atomlarıdırlar other substances , and the names of any other variable. There are different characteristics of these particles in the atom different from each other . Protons are positive (+ ) is installed , the electrons are negative (- ) is installed , the load shall be considered as neutrons . Are found in the nucleus of an atom the electrons , protons and neutrons , and electrons around the atoms around their own axis as well as around the nucleus of an atom ( nucleus from a particular orbit ) return.

Devamını oku...

0 Invisible speaker

The increasing number of cables to the speakers have started quite a lot of space . Moreover, do not come from the same source image and audio , angle, direction , causing us to live a different experience as the reasons really . Boston-based Emo Labs has developed a new technology that will remedy this and similar problems . New technology called invisible speaker , unlike the standard speakers that give rise to the sound track on the compressing movement. Normally actuated reciprocating cone thrust engines with new technology, however left between the transparent membrane . Big screen TV, monitor , laptop screen can be integrated into systems as well as image makes the speaker sound coming directly from the display . Edge Motion ( edge movement ) does not create a significant difference in terms of cost, so-called sound technology and the higher the sound quality may become the new standard .

Devamını oku...

0 Cancer

The problem is that something inside begins the transformation of a normal cell a cancer cell . The fact that a single cell origin of cancer , cancer of a chapter in a book written on the principles of the separation of life necessitates . Cancer clarification seekers , issues described earlier in the book, you need to deal with .Beryllium and CancerBeryllium 's mine, too bad rabbits leads to bone cancer . This is the first work I started as a researcher , bent on deaths from employees working in the production of fluorescent lamp discovered by some scientists , workers, the lungs , the effect of some of the materials used in the lamp tubes breaking down. The researchers gave the animals containing beryllium phosphor material and bone cancers seen after a few months . Cancers grew rapidly , spread to other parts of the body , and caused the animals die within a week or two . Beryllium does not cause cancer in humans, in no time , but the damage to the lungs . Already now used in the manufacture of fluorescent lamps .Will be graduating from medical school , I made myself a job in beryllium how to find leads to cancer . First, the library scientists before me , What's on whether they have researched the behavior of living systems beryllium . Very little had been done. But there was an interesting point known . Extremely small amounts of beryllium in the body is an important enzyme called phosphatase stops all running . This enzyme is particularly important for bone , because bone helps to harden the calcium phosphate material collection . Another well -known fact , phosphatase enzyme to work, normally " magnesium " requirement that metal , beryllium , magnesium, very close relative in terms of atomic structure . At that time, the following question comes to mind : beryllium , magnesium poisoning phosphatase found to take place ? The answer is " yes " was. Beryllium enters the enzyme , the enzyme does not work , and thus makes taking out magnesium .
Beryllium and GrowthI was the case when I enter the subject . Problem was weighing in my mind , an idea came to my mind looks fine to me . Why is the "growth" that requires magnesium for a simple model system for studying ? If beryllium is found to have some impact on growth and the need for them is a connection between the system kurulabilirse magnesium , beryllium figure out how it affects cell growth could be a little bit closer . I chose to work with a simple model system , the plants büyümeğiydi . All plants contain chlorophyll molecules of magnesium . Chlorophyll , just as certain enzymes , magnesium, at least according to the function can not fulfill. Maybe out and beryllium magnesium chlorophyll , plants would be expected to lead to changes in the growth .Working in the greenhouse , and this is all you need to nutrition of plants in combination with a normal quantity of magnesium in solution in the bottle, starting grown tomato plants . These plants have developed very good in a few weeks .
Another group of plant , including beryllium in similar media and was made. Their growth, the same level as the growth of the group Beryllium .
On top of that , when there is beryllium enough magnesium , came to the conclusion does not cause any problems .The third group is given half the amount of the plant is also grown in the standard magnesium . These plants are grown in a week or so , then sarardılar , sarktılar and died.
This is the expected influence of the magnesium deficiency : a half- measure was not enough magnesium . The fourth group to the plant , and the third group was given until the magnesium and beryllium as abundant as the second group . The result is dramatic and fulfilling. These plants have developed nice and every aspect of the first and second group sağlıklıydılar up .
I reached the result was inevitable. Beryllium, at least half of the plant's need for magnesium and magnesium karşılaşabiliyordu sentenced to death, deprived of the growth of plants able to provide a fairly normal .So far, everything is very nice, the next step is to examine atmadığının threw out magnesium, beryllium into chlorophyll molecules . Four groups have also analyzed the plant klorofilini . And the absence of magnesium, beryllium trace all of them disappointed me . This result is disheartening , but I did not have nothing to say against the truth .Still, beryllium , magnesium plants normally able to do is doing . All experiments were repeated using a tiny single-celled green alga cultures , and I had exactly the same results .I explained why this story ? First of all, this is a confusing problem in cancer research is an interesting model system , attractive, and a mystery solved , the second is good science Illustrating how things have evolved . One idea, is expected to reach a dramatic conclusion , but it may be expected in the wrong description . Then you have a need for a better proposal . Thirdly, what do I do next on the election should be a critical moment, the beryllium problemindeki experience for me, to bring a proposal to believe that it sınayabildiğime experiment . So I realized I could do a career in science . Did not bother me that my theory is wrong . Most of the thoughts of human life is wrong and a good idea for a few lucky encounters .I worked on this problem for two more years . Plant -based enzymes, magnesium , beryllium magnesium magnesium -dependent enzymes of plant competition, published on the interesting discoveries . But since then, nor I, nor anyone else , this simple, metal , or rabbit bones of the location of the impact on the growth of plants explain. A major unsolved problem , waiting for a sufficient solution . Of course, a simple metal to produce cancer , but it can handle a matter of a very talented scientist .

What is Cancer ?Let's make a clear picture of what cancer is . tic approach, we can say that the abnormal behavior of cancer cells passed through inheritance . This abnormal behavior , in any part of the body , start at any time . Behavior of cancer cells has two main features : 1 ) Cancer cells multiply faster than normal cells are neighbors . As we saw in the last chapter , but this is the period of growth of normal cells and later adulthood is reached, stop. Varılınca the original size of the liver regeneration of cell division . As long as a food source in cancer cells , can not stop the division in no time . 2) changes in cancer cells and the surrounding cells is the usual relations , so that a relatively independent , egoistic and pretend to be a bad neighbor . Cell adhesion , is an important feature of embryogenesisin recall . Dividing cells , with special proteins surfaces tend to bond with their neighbors to each other . The basic nature of the loss of normal cells , leading to malignant growth should be an important element .The above combination of the two properties , ie with increasing speed of cell division , cell adhesion loss is fatal. This is incompatible with the new and strange touch , is the birthplace of the growth of the point spread rapidly . After all , the cells may metastasize in other words, to go to other parts of the body movement , there can create new colonies of cancer . And over time, divided , comfortable, non-stop cells in the body kill their birth .Out of the Body CancerMedical researchers from the body when you take a piece of problem , a simple glass container if they hired to be optimistic on the starting solution . This can be checked proposals at hand, a system , which means sınanabilirliği critical experiments . Cancer , as mentioned earlier , the cells are getting sick. The cells were taken from the body easily examined in the laboratory glass containers . There are very few people who could be studied disease so easily , actually.Come on, look at the behavior of cancer cells and normal cells in glass containers . Before the middle of a container to put one or two normal body cells and will cover them with a liquid feeder .
Over a period of a few days , we are constantly in relationship with each other without stopping and break the glass .
Cells divide halt when they reach the edges of the container .
Since the cells , as a film to a depth of a single layer of cells , balanced , they remain in good neighborhood relations . A small fraction of cells in the glass , Scratch If we start dividing cells next to the wound as soon as possible fill the gap . Kaplanınca space monolayer cell , cell division stops again .If you notice this behavior , but it looks like a refresh on the basis of the hücrelerinkine simpler than theirs . Cleavage of a renewal , a preset boundary , until it reaches the size of the original organ takes quickly . When normal cells in both systems to stop us from believing they know that there is a behavior .Now , We monitor the behavior of cancer cells . A few of them in a bowl , let's look at what to do .
Start to finish container divided into normal cells do not have many differences .
But when they access the shore of the container , not only similarities in normal cells .
Continue to divide , so that an irregular manner , accumulating more and more on top of the cell . How to stop the growth of the cells look like unutmuşa .
The only thing that could prevent the division CONTINUING now , the lack of nutrients . There is no other feature of cancer cells without cell ; ölümsüzmüşçesine unlimited ability to reproduce . Indeed, some cancer cells , except for the bodies of the victims live in a very long time . The most famous example of this phenomenon , in 1951, who died of ovarian cancer received surgery Henriette Lacks'den cancer cells. Jane Smith later died of cancer , but cancer cells and put some glass jars , food was given to them . Continued to divide . Today, the " HeLa " cells are known as , is still living , and split, ! Are used widely in cancer research .Davranıyorlarsa how the cancer cells in the body , it is also acting in a glass container . Restrictions applied by normal cells discarded. Prohibition of cell division , the cells were discharged at a certain gap arises when they access or a predetermined total mass . Cancer in the loss of this ability ,There is nothing we can do in glass containers . Normal cells could induce cancer . Adding cancer causing agents in animals , cancer causing viruses , especially human cells outside the body can cause disease . This phenomenon is very exciting for scientists because the outside of the body each step being to cause cancer in the laboratory , can be viewed on conditions that can be checked .
Blood supply to the cancerGlass is not typical of cancer cells growing on a three-dimensional , soft tissue -like environment, are closer to reality can be considered that yetiştirilmelerinin . When this is done with the naked eye , but can be selected cancer cells grow until it forms a small ball . More büyümemelerinin because nutrients are below in this case easily . If you are soon vascular cells , cancer cells, a small ball , tepkilendirecektir them to produce new blood vessels . Extends up into the blood vessels, so that the mass of cancer and cancer cells begin dividing again . Dallandıkça blood vessels to grow , food taşıdıkça , cancer mass can become quite large . Develop cancer in the body supplied with blood . This research led by Judah Folkman , cancer cells at the same time , something that has resulted in the growth of blood vessels show salgıladıklarını . This outbreak of research on what is going on. We knew what it was , can resist , could've killed besinsizlikten cancer .Is Cancer Mutation Happen?One reason for this is how the ineluctable features of a cell can be won ? Of course, I do not know yet . What a great question pulled the trigger of the transformation . But a few things on the format of the start of cancer in the body , mind mutation , in other words, it brings a change in the DNA of a single cell .1 Cancer always seems to start with a change in a single cell spikes .2 Cell sick one time , it 's all positive cultures is diseased . So, going through a bad property from cell to cell .3 Cancer cells compared to normal cells grow in him look like to have the advantage of selecting from .4 Many of the causes of cancer , for example, chemicals, x -rays and ultraviolet rays cause mutations in the same time becoming .If so, it is very rare cancer , one of the reasons that could change in the DNA , ie, mutation.Viruses and CancerCertain viruses can cause cancer types . Now this fact , mutations in the word for it is interesting to see the links .Let's current cancer research started again, what appears as the preferred model system ? Recall that we saw in the previous section bacteria that live virus . Virus DNA having a bacterial virus produced by machine and then going all the bacteria .But sometimes, the virus enters the bacterial cell 's DNA is quite strange and unexpected things can happen. Virus DNA into the DNA of bacteria added quietly , virus gene , bacteria gene converge. In this case, the new virus is made. Something had happened to him maintain bacterial cell division . But it appeared a drastic change . The virus enters the bacteria and breed in it , also carry the virus 's DNA . Properties and as a result, changed behavior .What is happening ? Virus genes , now function as a part of the DNA of bacteria doing . Messenger RNA and messenger RNAs are forced to dictate what to do with the bacteria go ribosomuna report that the making of new proteins . Produced proteins, the bacteria come to become part of the way to alter the character . To summarize , those derived from bacteria and all , is now part of the DNA of bacteria with the presence of the virus that has been changed.Of course, they do a lousy job of viruses . When we learned that a virus is the cause of many cancers in animals , eyes, the importance of this phenomenon is growing now .Animal viruses, cancer cells , remarkably , bacteria, viruses deeds are doing similar things . Enter into the cells . Seem to have been lost before , and then merging the genes of the cell 's DNA . Cell characteristics, based on changing in a bad way .Combining the stories of a specific mutation in the virus and can generalize from viruses or mutations in the new genes , cells can give rise to new proteins . These are in turn more rapid growth around the surface variations that led to broken behavior , and initiate other cancer -like properties .Many cancer does not seem to Virüslermiş ReasonOf all human cancers , including viruses cause cancer does not seem a lot . This is not to say that human cancers are caused by viruses not only can not prove it . The above- mentioned cases , the viruses appear sometimes highly skilled at keeping their assets in cancer makes it very difficult to determine them .The body's response to cancerCancer cells , bad neighbors , çevrelerindin kopukturlar and act independently of each other when I say , it was a case arising from the cell surface to understand the condition . Cancer cells, neighboring cells, cell - cell , the surface -to-surface feel purchases . This interaction is not normal , surfaces of cancer cells , cells derived from them show that it had become different surfaces . Identified as such in this experiment .Now, if the cancer cell surface is different from that in the cell normally in the body, the "foreign" Is it ? However, I want to tell you who : the surface of the body is so different from the immune system will be foreign ? The answer seems to be yes . Cancer cells look like kışkırtıyora immune responses . Physical defense, to destroy cancer cells showing weak reactions .This information is promising . Because if the body itself espousing against cancer , infectious diseases using principles we know to protect , the body may be possible to strengthen the defense of the vaccine .Cancer and the EnvironmentEver-increasing evidence of cancer, eat , drink , breathe , due to the influence of the other things and left , supported the view . These three types of evidence . First, many cancers , the geographical area of the world to another, demonstrate major changes , and the second , with the migration of groups of people from one country to another , change in the incidence of some types of cancers in their children . For example , the United States of Japanese settled , a relatively higher rate of gastric cancer in Japan decreased. Children of immigrants , as well as other Americans , one-fifth of the disease less frequently encountered.Easterlings breast cancer rate is low , but they settled in the United States increased six-fold . Thirdly, in the air, water and food , chemical pollutants have identified more than proven to cause cancer .Encouraging to know them in a way . We can do is hope for controlling environmental pollution because of cancer . But , it is difficult to know to achieve . For example, the habit of smoking is prevalent. The worst cancers , lung cancer who were victims of 100,000 per year , tobacco is one of the most important reasons is known for fifteen years , even though the government supports the tobacco industry .No Reasons, Causes FarVirus , conflict with or contradict each other mutations and environmental impacts must be understood . DNA mutation and the change directly to the cancer- causing virus . But why things need to be a mutation ( distributed environment, chemicals, may be guilty of changing the DNA into our bodies . ) Away from the chemical substances in this sense the surrounding area , causing mutation and even closer to the virus causes.James and Elizabeth Miller from the University of Wisconsin , found that the properties of chemical substances that can cause cancer . " Carsinogen called" common property of these substances in the body , DNA, RNA and protein substances capable of binding the convert . Thus, in our environment that can cause cancer, the most of it, in the cell with limited features , but its effects also come into a group of substances . Carcinogens produced in our bodies , then we can say : their own bodies , we can make a harmless chemical substances lethal substances . Shafts work , but also to cancer in some animals were caught, others are not affected by the result shows that the same substance . Arrested cancer cells , carcinogenic substances, these substances can translate the enzymes , while there is some animals these enzymes .Environmental pollution that leads to cancer , the research on the causes of cancer to nearby would be very wrong to leave . There is no assurance about the use to control our environment , no matter how . In addition, cancer risk , the epidemic had before industrialization poisoning our environment . The most robust way to achieve the prevention and treatment of cancer , changes in the cell takes place this killer to learn in detail what is going on .Halt the progressof cancer ?Can return to a certain cancer cells become normal again ! This means the cancer is not always an irreversible situation . There is a possibility to return to normal, the potential of cancer cells . We have just said , dr. Beatrice Mintz, Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, based on his experiments . Called teratoma of cancer , male mouse embryos grown in laboratory dishes provided. Then the embryos are placed in the uterus and birth is expected of a mouse . The young are born after all their cells , now is a mixture of normal cells behave teratoma . The former presence of cancer cells , genes work be detected , for example, black hairy rat offspring born parents , feathers with white spots will be determined by genes in cancer cells . Now this is acting normal cells, cancer cells start to do things they did not do period . Accordingly, in the embryo, and cancer cells suppressed the environment , but also appears to support the normal behavior . Embryo cancer cells from normal cells around them remain independent , lost only cancer properties . The genes of growing and , in fact, derived from them , such as normal mouse cells are expressed.We do not know how far these findings generalizable . For specific cancer types, only the results of these experiments is called teratoma . Nevertheless, teratoma experiments , a hint of a particle 's quite important to overseeing the growth of the cancer . Wherein the cancer cells , the effect of the conditions normally found in the developing embryo , can return to their normal cell . This , of course, an invention is rich in content .Than any other artificial things that can stop the growth of cancer cells . X -rays or other radiation types, can kill cancer cells . In addition, in order to stop or slow the growth of cancer cells in humans today , a lot of chemicals are commonly used . The fulfillment of the functions of the cells in delaying cancer growth hormones are important regulators of effective they are. Most of the drugs given to the patient , which is vital for a number of cancer cells interfere in affairs . Unfortunately, doing interplay similar to normal cells . Accordingly the doctor , drug , radiation and surgical treatment of the cancer cells to kill the patient's normal cells need to find a combination of less hazardous . This last approach is more and more success . Continuously been investigated the causes of cancer , treatment can reach a successful start , or could avoid all forms of cancer, there are many reasons to be able to hope . Optimism of the cancer based on the fact that a cell disease . Been major advances in the understanding of cancer cells and looked outside , it looks like there are many reasons why , when viewed through the issue , the trigger mechanism is the only one who comes close to mind .

Devamını oku...

0 The Difference Between HUMAN and MACHINES

People are living organisms, they make the mechanics simulations doubt that the human brain may be the most interesting . So that simulate human thinking is a process , a machine that thinks like a human being ...How the machine is not human , but logic is the human machine : Unfortunately, due to the development of science and technology, a dizzying , the differences between people, machines belirsizleştiklerini , two distinct resemblance to what peydahladıklarını increasingly , come see the situation can not be distinguished .When asked what is the difference between man and machine , the most important thing that comes to mind , people living organisms, more than all the other self- organized , are controlling . In other words, human scientists, " Self Organizing System " described as a organizmadır.Dahası , the people, only himself but also check and organize around . People , regardless of self in the face of changes in the environment , a passive teslimiyetçiliğe will come into place in its response to changes in demand and this may add a criteria . As such, in order to understand the difference between man and machines , machines, to what extent " Self Organizing " that they need to look at . We , in this paper , we intend to do it .
One of the oldest forms of self-regulating devices , OS -controlled valve was developed by Hero of Alexandria in 50 . This is an instrument of the dealer holding fluids without human intervention ... After that, in 1679 Denis Papin'in its " pressure cooker " yi, " Self Organizing " who served as " safety valve " of the first examples of the see . Papin'in invention is actually very simple. Prevents the escape of steam pan covered to a certain extent , a result of a coincidence that food is cooked too had noticed more easily and quickly . Food cooked in the pot lid tightly closed , the vapor pressure of a weight on top to prevent ejection positions on the cover . However, the weight put on the lid , steam cooker jumped into the air when it comes to the point of explosion was about to leave . Pressure cooker safety valves are used in homes today is undoubtedly much more complex , but put Papin'in mechanical principles have never changed. Than the vapor pressure increases, the pressure of the steam leaving the system automatically reduces the work as a Self Organizing .Özdüzenleyicilerin described briefly above, a "one - shot " that they stand out. Indeed, after blowing away the steam pressure cooker lid , need to put in place the cover again , " human hand touching " is imperative .First özdüzenleyicilerin this "one - shot " that serves as a lack of qualifications that detects and inventors, it will function uninterrupted and continuously seek özdüzenleyicilerin entered . In fact, in 1745 , an Englishman named Edmund Lee , windmills that will allow them to look in the direction of the constant breeze " tail wing " has developed . Depending on the wind direction to change the rotating direction of the little old lady with her wind, this system consisted of valves ... Gates returned to the wind , they are connected to the gear assembly with a rotating into the wind toyed yeldeğirmenini . Thus, the main valves was supplied continuously to look in the direction of the wind . Under the direction of the wind around the main valves valves " ( wings or tail ) looks to return , but the wind was starting to move full-frontal was received . Simple, but effective system of self regulation in this ...


James Watt's steam engine for modern mechanical regulators developed the original prototype of the " regulatory " We know that . I always want to keep the same level of output of the Watt steam engine , the vertical edges of a shaft of the weight placed on both ends of a rod , so that the vapor pressure of the shaft to rotate , provided the weights up and down to exit the . In direct proportion to the increase in vapor pressure of the shaft spinning faster , the centrifugal effect present in the weights were going to level up more . Weights, belt it up , partially closing the valve are attached , so that the amount of steam entering the system was restricted . Vapor pressure in an opposite situation occurs due to reduced natural. Shaft rotation speed is reduced, the effect of gravity weights , coming down the descent more steam into the system , depending on the valvlar opening was provided . Watt's invention of the shaft was possible to control the speed . Differences in speed may arise , the opening and closing valvların was kept within certain limits .Here , the "back - conduction " ( feedback ) on the basis of this principle lies in the system is also known as . Inaccuracies that may appear in practice without interruption or deviation from the main system transmits information , so that the criterion will be made back - to what extent the transmission provides a needed correction .Another typical example is the back - transmission devices for the first time developed in the early seventeenth century by the Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebble " thermostat " is. Developed in 1830 by the Scottish chemist Andrew Ure thermostats used with little change in the precursor to today it's ... Cut two strips of different metals are fastened to each other by welding after yüzleştirildikten two mine to expand and contraction in different temperatures depending on the double-stranded eğilmektedir.Diyelim bar that you set the thermostat 20 degrees Celsius . Room temperature falls below the rod , tapping into a particular form to close the electric circuit , it provides to take action to the heating . In the same way , the room temperature rises above 20 degrees Centigrade , contact rod cut by leaning the other direction . As shown , back - transmission systems, the operation is always the same . The deviations in the normal workings of the main system, constantly sending out information , and provides their correction allows the device to edit his own operation .Here , the functioning of the human body, giving directions to the so-called structure - iletim.sistemi not that different . If we choose one among countless examples , the functioning of the pancreas constantly monitors the level of glucose in the blood by secreting insulin , there is no difference between the operation of the thermostat that controls the temperature of your home . He sees his own business , back to normal deviations that may occur through - transmission improvements. Deviations from the normal operation of the system will return to normal temperature heat home how does the criteria in the same way , the pancreas secrete insulin , the glucose concentration in the blood is controlled sapmalarca . Such as low temperature heating operation , the increase in blood glucose activates the insulin secretory processes . Not only the human body , and the other assets of all living organisms in the normal way by achieving certain norms that sustain the Self Organizing mechanism , by American physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon " homeoostasis " is called . Marked the beginning of the twentieth century, research on this issue , the person who pioneered the Cannon ...Living and non-living systems, in which the back- transmission timing of the responses it is clear that some of the differences . For example, immediately after the closing of the heater temperature is not expected to fall . Discharge of the heat accumulated in the device that you have given up for a while , " cooling " effect can come in . Likewise, after starting heating , the room will be heated for some time and only then will remain cold . The meaning of this is clear: the norm in the room temperature is set to 20 degrees Celsius , 20 degrees Celsius, not always , and sometimes a little under , and sometimes a little above , but it will remain at 20 degrees on average ."Call - scan " also referred to as ( the godfather of the head and astronomer George Airy'dir England ) is a phenomenon worth mentioning at this stage ... Depending on the return movement of the heavenly bodies return to the Earth telescopes to monitor the giving , Airy'nin developed the system ...Locate the first time the mechanism of Airy'nin 's " search-and- scan " Keep supervising the amount of glucose in the blood , so a series of conscious behavior also applies to the live process . For example, to extend your hand to get an object lying on the ground , your movement is not an act of integrity, the only , the direction and speed of movements in a set sequence of continuously arranged according to the purpose . May occur in terms of moving towards the eye detected deviations , the brain signals sent to the muscles , the muscles are held by the revisions . These corrections are so natural and automatic that people are not even aware of doing the necessary corrections and adjustments .Acquired over time , habits are developed through the experience ... Trying to get a better understanding of what we said something için.yerden Bring the baby's movements in front of your eyes . This baby is not used to transmit visual feedback ... Alışmamıştır bent over to pick something from his hand . Perhaps it is experimenting for the first time ... Precisely because they are not carried out by the muscles correction adjustments , the baby's hand sometimes lags behind the target , and sometimes exceeds it . Find people groping in the dark as to call anything , anything to bring about the baby from searches. Visual feedback to disturb the orderly functioning of the transmission systems of people with Impaired condition of the nervous system , it is not much different . When trying to make a coordinated muscle movements , like those available to persons not see , a search-and- scan embark panicked .Normal, prone on a line el.düz reaches the destination without getting lost , knows very well to hold the place and time . This is because the control center to regulate the transmission of visual forward could easily see the back- hand goal yönelirken pre - adjustments can only make the necessary adjustments . Fully returning to the corner to leave the steering wheel while driving , and so the person receiving the bend after bend on the road to fetch the car to recognize the straight line is another example of this . After turning a corner is required to keep to the sidewalk , through the transmission of the visual back - this hotfix.Back - arranged set of movements through the transmission provides the cerebellum . See forward , the arm will be a moment where you predict the necessary corrections, organized by the movement . Large muscles in the upper body , holding various degrees of tension throughout the movement keeps the body in balance . Stand by power and be a tiresome job of Man , the cerebellum, the commands in various muscles of the body to balance the body by attaching various voltage ratings are showed .Taking the example of the basic principles of our human body , in the functioning of the machines can be implemented. After obtaining the necessary adjustments whether to go through the system return to normal , with the closure of the gap between the current situation, the desired state gelinmek , trimmers can be disabled automatically . The first moment of the adjustment, return to normal spontaneously . In 1868, French engineer Leon Farcot , Based on this principle , an automatic control device developed for rudders functioning steam vessels . Depending on the steering wheel to the desired position by going to approach the automatic control device, the steam valve closes, the valve fully closed when the rudder was exactly where desired . Likewise, the valve opens at the beginning of the rudder to move away from the desired position , steam comes out again " flashback " beginning. Farcot , device, " servomechanism " gave the name . In 1946, an American engineer DS baptized - paternity Harder 's " automation " in the beginning of the era of the ..." Servomechanism " means , in the dictionary , " which itself is their job machine " is. This period started modestly Farcot'nun to sit back on track , "electronics" required the emergence of the phenomenon . Servomekanizmalara implementation of electronics , machines , living organisms much more responsive , much faster than the reaction given talents . Moreover, radios , radios also ventured into business together in the move, the vengeance expanded capacitance . For example, during the Second World War the Germans developed " buzz bomb" , a primitive " servomechanism " , as not only guided missiles , space vehicles , and the pioneer of all the radio-controlled state. This system is used in all kinds of spaceships subway car ...We know the country budgets are often snatched the lion's share of military spending . Therefore, to show himself servo- technology is not surprising , especially in war . Aiming and firing missiles placed in the automation of the ball , and the servo-mechanisms , to identify the objectives of the rapidly hundreds of kilometers away from the big , movement speed, wind direction , temperature, and benzene situations and people without the aid immediately calculates the target can find an unfailing accuracy .FEAR OF AUTOMATIONAutomation ...Machines will gradually replace the hearts of people fear this is a word that releases ... But , according to scientists at many restaurants , and in particular , the fate of humanity is inevitable .Servomekanizmasıyla Farcot'nun launched the " age of automation " one of the most fervent advocates know that the mathematician Norbert Wiener . Wiener and his colleagues in the 1940s , Massachussetts Institute of Technology embarked on a " back - transmission " studies the problem of retrieving the underlying mathematical relationships ... Ancient Greek for " steersman " meaning " cybernetic " put the name , it works on the ... However, ancient Greek , Watt's machine put " editor" name was of the same origin . , Regulators, servomekanizmalara , there is a logical integrity of the development process ranging from cybernetics , had a complementary qualities in short ...Automation in the period following the Second World War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union are aware that the dizzying developments . Oil refineries , as well as fully automated factories running on wireless devices, aluminum pistons , on the one hand as they cost structure arises specific raw materials are now at the other end ... At any stage of the work does not interfere with the human hand in everything, " it-yourselfer machines " operate . Even agriculture automation into ... America's farm in a trial in the state of Wisconsin , engineers, animals at certain times that amount of food they need a " feeder " developed .According to many restaurants , automation, the beginning of a new industrial revolution , a harbinger . Just as the first industrial revolution , not only the workers , the economy in the painful , pain - filled days cherish . To give you an idea about the different dimensions of the event , one of the nation's leading labor unions fully - automated car factory in the past and pass that traverses a story about an industrialist . "I'm afraid our machines toplayamayacaksın union dues ," says industrialist ... Trade unionists ready answer : "I'm sorry , but you satamayacaksın their cars . "In fact, it seems to me that automation-related hazards abartılıyormuş more ... How people did not disable the steam engine or an electric , in the same way , automation or leave . .. But , on the other hand will change the point of production necessarily emphasis ... The first industrial revolution , steam and electricity, people running order , it being the only horse of a milkman working muscles removed . The second industrial revolution , it is , Şarlo'nun " In contemporary times of the " vending machine " to avoid becoming ...Back - transmission and servo-mechanisms , as well as between engineers , biologists interested in the wake of inevitable. In fact, it was so. Analysis of the functioning of the nervous system , Self Organizing a simplified machines "model" is known as the exploited .
That the people of a generation ago , Karl Capek'in RUR ( Rossem'in Universal Robots ) staged very excited , had unsettled . "Robot " in Czech word "working" Capek türetmişti word ... But , people, robots accustomed themselves in the intervening period of time ... Sometimes the " automata " referred to as the mechanical devices , machines, people who will do nothing more than work , examination of living organisms as a myriad of tools utilized touches are now looking at ... For example, experts LD Bell Telephone Laboratories Harmon , just like a neuron , the necessary warning when a transistor circuit developed fueling electric pulse rate . This kind of circuits , by simulating the functions of the eye and ear are now known to be operated devices that allow a close review of audits ... English biologist Ross Ashby , the system has already set up a simple reflex responses circuits exhibiting ... Can hold itself to a balanced and stable condition , the invention of the " homoeostat " is the name of the Ashby ...The work of scientists , of course it does not end here ...British neurologist William Grey Walter developed the device is particularly interesting in this respect ... The system not only to investigate only the environment , even if it can show response . " Testudo " ( the Latin word which means turtle ) the name of the turtle in the form of this device , a photoelectric cell placed in use instead of the eye . A system is sensitive to touch , as well as one of the back and forth movement , and the other has two motors to regulate irreversible . Making large circles in the dark street, and when it comes to contact with a foreign object, stop holding back a little , turning slightly to continue its path . Until the body has been wandering around in front of the maneuvers ... Engines embedded in the body of rotation of the photoelectric cell in the future when you see a light self- standing " Testudo " target on a straight line , moving toward the light . But , unlike moths falling into the fire , stood testudo'nun fototropizması fazlalaşınca under control ... Light is very tense. There is an interesting feature ! Recharge the batteries self -discharge when the light is approached , the circuits after charging enough away to avoid burning .Another issue that comes to mind when people mention robots , they live simulation systems are a ... This view is not wrong too ... Know whether people use the tool as a single creature , in doing so, the sample was observed from nature an open ... Knife or sword, long sharp teeth of predators , human arm lever , wheel rolling down the slope - body simulation to say that a tree , to emphasize this point enough example ...People to take an example from nature , such as developing certain tools , machines, while their bodies "model" in this respect in the use of natural ...Live tissues and organs of human-made machines, the installation work by examining similar mechanisms in its infancy ... In 1960, the first time an American engineer Jack Steele uses the " bionic " ... these studies are summarized in the concept of " Biology " and " electronics" this discipline is a hybrid of the words ..." Bionic " work can be done using skin now seems unlimited. For example, sea water will cause him upheavals equal size on the basis of a boat , the dolphins swim in the normal speeds , requires a power of 2.6 hp . However, the dolphins, swimming in the water up to the boat kıpırdatmamakta , so extra effort is required to overcome the resistance of the water . According to scientists who have expressed , the reasons lies in the dolphin's skin . Developed a simulation of the skin of dolphins in the sea means Konulabilirse trunks , The boats can be done much faster with less energy .American biophysicist Jerome Lettvin'in the optic nerve by placing a small platinum electrodes interesting results of his observations retinas of frogs ... Lettvin , as a result of observations of the retina, the light through the frog's brain to send certain black dots , their interpretation has concluded that the brain does not leave . On the contrary , the frog retina , each of which is established by the existence of separate functions undertaken in five different cell types . For example, one of the cells , angular shapes programmed to react ... Between the body of the light entering the sky of a tree frog cut "corner" to give the impression of an example of this ... He pointed object, a warning to escape this ... A further function of the cell , round karaltılara react ... Frog's diet includes insects head around the corner, holding a small , round smudge it ... There is also a fast-moving objects against the frog retina stimulates the cells ... Frog required to be on the lookout for carnivores show a vital danger for sending alerts , specialized cells that special ... Fourth cells and decrease in light artmalara , sensitive to blue waters inhabited by the fifth frog ...Message is perceived by the retina of the past, scientists have " raw material " is going to the brain , processed and interpreted they think that there is . Today , these perceptions , at least " semi - finished goods as" going to the brain know that the frog retina . For people to carry out the functions of the frog retina geliştirilebilse sensors , in which man-made machines today can develop sensitivity and activity level is not to say the very top ...Simple safety subaplarından servomekanizmalara start , and then " automata " in a process extending lara , man, in search of the machines without human intervention -it-yourselfer ... Entered into a continuous effort to make it happen ... Have lead to a significant ...Today the focus of search efforts , a living mechanism , a living creature " mimic " the development of a device ... Very pretty damn ilerlendi in this area as soon as possible . More ilerlenileceğe benziyor.Ama , it will be the end ? I ask the people who does not fall behind ...Left up to the promise , but the people living organisms, they make the mechanical simulations , it may be the most interesting , of course, the human brain ... So that simulate human thinking is a process , a machine that thinks like a human being ... Machines like people think "? Or, call answer this question let another documented in the article .

Devamını oku...