0 The Difference Between HUMAN and MACHINES

People are living organisms, they make the mechanics simulations doubt that the human brain may be the most interesting . So that simulate human thinking is a process , a machine that thinks like a human being ...How the machine is not human , but logic is the human machine : Unfortunately, due to the development of science and technology, a dizzying , the differences between people, machines belirsizleştiklerini , two distinct resemblance to what peydahladıklarını increasingly , come see the situation can not be distinguished .When asked what is the difference between man and machine , the most important thing that comes to mind , people living organisms, more than all the other self- organized , are controlling . In other words, human scientists, " Self Organizing System " described as a organizmadır.Dahası , the people, only himself but also check and organize around . People , regardless of self in the face of changes in the environment , a passive teslimiyetçiliğe will come into place in its response to changes in demand and this may add a criteria . As such, in order to understand the difference between man and machines , machines, to what extent " Self Organizing " that they need to look at . We , in this paper , we intend to do it .
One of the oldest forms of self-regulating devices , OS -controlled valve was developed by Hero of Alexandria in 50 . This is an instrument of the dealer holding fluids without human intervention ... After that, in 1679 Denis Papin'in its " pressure cooker " yi, " Self Organizing " who served as " safety valve " of the first examples of the see . Papin'in invention is actually very simple. Prevents the escape of steam pan covered to a certain extent , a result of a coincidence that food is cooked too had noticed more easily and quickly . Food cooked in the pot lid tightly closed , the vapor pressure of a weight on top to prevent ejection positions on the cover . However, the weight put on the lid , steam cooker jumped into the air when it comes to the point of explosion was about to leave . Pressure cooker safety valves are used in homes today is undoubtedly much more complex , but put Papin'in mechanical principles have never changed. Than the vapor pressure increases, the pressure of the steam leaving the system automatically reduces the work as a Self Organizing .Özdüzenleyicilerin described briefly above, a "one - shot " that they stand out. Indeed, after blowing away the steam pressure cooker lid , need to put in place the cover again , " human hand touching " is imperative .First özdüzenleyicilerin this "one - shot " that serves as a lack of qualifications that detects and inventors, it will function uninterrupted and continuously seek özdüzenleyicilerin entered . In fact, in 1745 , an Englishman named Edmund Lee , windmills that will allow them to look in the direction of the constant breeze " tail wing " has developed . Depending on the wind direction to change the rotating direction of the little old lady with her wind, this system consisted of valves ... Gates returned to the wind , they are connected to the gear assembly with a rotating into the wind toyed yeldeğirmenini . Thus, the main valves was supplied continuously to look in the direction of the wind . Under the direction of the wind around the main valves valves " ( wings or tail ) looks to return , but the wind was starting to move full-frontal was received . Simple, but effective system of self regulation in this ...


James Watt's steam engine for modern mechanical regulators developed the original prototype of the " regulatory " We know that . I always want to keep the same level of output of the Watt steam engine , the vertical edges of a shaft of the weight placed on both ends of a rod , so that the vapor pressure of the shaft to rotate , provided the weights up and down to exit the . In direct proportion to the increase in vapor pressure of the shaft spinning faster , the centrifugal effect present in the weights were going to level up more . Weights, belt it up , partially closing the valve are attached , so that the amount of steam entering the system was restricted . Vapor pressure in an opposite situation occurs due to reduced natural. Shaft rotation speed is reduced, the effect of gravity weights , coming down the descent more steam into the system , depending on the valvlar opening was provided . Watt's invention of the shaft was possible to control the speed . Differences in speed may arise , the opening and closing valvların was kept within certain limits .Here , the "back - conduction " ( feedback ) on the basis of this principle lies in the system is also known as . Inaccuracies that may appear in practice without interruption or deviation from the main system transmits information , so that the criterion will be made back - to what extent the transmission provides a needed correction .Another typical example is the back - transmission devices for the first time developed in the early seventeenth century by the Dutch inventor Cornelis Drebble " thermostat " is. Developed in 1830 by the Scottish chemist Andrew Ure thermostats used with little change in the precursor to today it's ... Cut two strips of different metals are fastened to each other by welding after yüzleştirildikten two mine to expand and contraction in different temperatures depending on the double-stranded eğilmektedir.Diyelim bar that you set the thermostat 20 degrees Celsius . Room temperature falls below the rod , tapping into a particular form to close the electric circuit , it provides to take action to the heating . In the same way , the room temperature rises above 20 degrees Centigrade , contact rod cut by leaning the other direction . As shown , back - transmission systems, the operation is always the same . The deviations in the normal workings of the main system, constantly sending out information , and provides their correction allows the device to edit his own operation .Here , the functioning of the human body, giving directions to the so-called structure - iletim.sistemi not that different . If we choose one among countless examples , the functioning of the pancreas constantly monitors the level of glucose in the blood by secreting insulin , there is no difference between the operation of the thermostat that controls the temperature of your home . He sees his own business , back to normal deviations that may occur through - transmission improvements. Deviations from the normal operation of the system will return to normal temperature heat home how does the criteria in the same way , the pancreas secrete insulin , the glucose concentration in the blood is controlled sapmalarca . Such as low temperature heating operation , the increase in blood glucose activates the insulin secretory processes . Not only the human body , and the other assets of all living organisms in the normal way by achieving certain norms that sustain the Self Organizing mechanism , by American physiologist Walter Bradford Cannon " homeoostasis " is called . Marked the beginning of the twentieth century, research on this issue , the person who pioneered the Cannon ...Living and non-living systems, in which the back- transmission timing of the responses it is clear that some of the differences . For example, immediately after the closing of the heater temperature is not expected to fall . Discharge of the heat accumulated in the device that you have given up for a while , " cooling " effect can come in . Likewise, after starting heating , the room will be heated for some time and only then will remain cold . The meaning of this is clear: the norm in the room temperature is set to 20 degrees Celsius , 20 degrees Celsius, not always , and sometimes a little under , and sometimes a little above , but it will remain at 20 degrees on average ."Call - scan " also referred to as ( the godfather of the head and astronomer George Airy'dir England ) is a phenomenon worth mentioning at this stage ... Depending on the return movement of the heavenly bodies return to the Earth telescopes to monitor the giving , Airy'nin developed the system ...Locate the first time the mechanism of Airy'nin 's " search-and- scan " Keep supervising the amount of glucose in the blood , so a series of conscious behavior also applies to the live process . For example, to extend your hand to get an object lying on the ground , your movement is not an act of integrity, the only , the direction and speed of movements in a set sequence of continuously arranged according to the purpose . May occur in terms of moving towards the eye detected deviations , the brain signals sent to the muscles , the muscles are held by the revisions . These corrections are so natural and automatic that people are not even aware of doing the necessary corrections and adjustments .Acquired over time , habits are developed through the experience ... Trying to get a better understanding of what we said something için.yerden Bring the baby's movements in front of your eyes . This baby is not used to transmit visual feedback ... Alışmamıştır bent over to pick something from his hand . Perhaps it is experimenting for the first time ... Precisely because they are not carried out by the muscles correction adjustments , the baby's hand sometimes lags behind the target , and sometimes exceeds it . Find people groping in the dark as to call anything , anything to bring about the baby from searches. Visual feedback to disturb the orderly functioning of the transmission systems of people with Impaired condition of the nervous system , it is not much different . When trying to make a coordinated muscle movements , like those available to persons not see , a search-and- scan embark panicked .Normal, prone on a line el.düz reaches the destination without getting lost , knows very well to hold the place and time . This is because the control center to regulate the transmission of visual forward could easily see the back- hand goal yönelirken pre - adjustments can only make the necessary adjustments . Fully returning to the corner to leave the steering wheel while driving , and so the person receiving the bend after bend on the road to fetch the car to recognize the straight line is another example of this . After turning a corner is required to keep to the sidewalk , through the transmission of the visual back - this hotfix.Back - arranged set of movements through the transmission provides the cerebellum . See forward , the arm will be a moment where you predict the necessary corrections, organized by the movement . Large muscles in the upper body , holding various degrees of tension throughout the movement keeps the body in balance . Stand by power and be a tiresome job of Man , the cerebellum, the commands in various muscles of the body to balance the body by attaching various voltage ratings are showed .Taking the example of the basic principles of our human body , in the functioning of the machines can be implemented. After obtaining the necessary adjustments whether to go through the system return to normal , with the closure of the gap between the current situation, the desired state gelinmek , trimmers can be disabled automatically . The first moment of the adjustment, return to normal spontaneously . In 1868, French engineer Leon Farcot , Based on this principle , an automatic control device developed for rudders functioning steam vessels . Depending on the steering wheel to the desired position by going to approach the automatic control device, the steam valve closes, the valve fully closed when the rudder was exactly where desired . Likewise, the valve opens at the beginning of the rudder to move away from the desired position , steam comes out again " flashback " beginning. Farcot , device, " servomechanism " gave the name . In 1946, an American engineer DS baptized - paternity Harder 's " automation " in the beginning of the era of the ..." Servomechanism " means , in the dictionary , " which itself is their job machine " is. This period started modestly Farcot'nun to sit back on track , "electronics" required the emergence of the phenomenon . Servomekanizmalara implementation of electronics , machines , living organisms much more responsive , much faster than the reaction given talents . Moreover, radios , radios also ventured into business together in the move, the vengeance expanded capacitance . For example, during the Second World War the Germans developed " buzz bomb" , a primitive " servomechanism " , as not only guided missiles , space vehicles , and the pioneer of all the radio-controlled state. This system is used in all kinds of spaceships subway car ...We know the country budgets are often snatched the lion's share of military spending . Therefore, to show himself servo- technology is not surprising , especially in war . Aiming and firing missiles placed in the automation of the ball , and the servo-mechanisms , to identify the objectives of the rapidly hundreds of kilometers away from the big , movement speed, wind direction , temperature, and benzene situations and people without the aid immediately calculates the target can find an unfailing accuracy .FEAR OF AUTOMATIONAutomation ...Machines will gradually replace the hearts of people fear this is a word that releases ... But , according to scientists at many restaurants , and in particular , the fate of humanity is inevitable .Servomekanizmasıyla Farcot'nun launched the " age of automation " one of the most fervent advocates know that the mathematician Norbert Wiener . Wiener and his colleagues in the 1940s , Massachussetts Institute of Technology embarked on a " back - transmission " studies the problem of retrieving the underlying mathematical relationships ... Ancient Greek for " steersman " meaning " cybernetic " put the name , it works on the ... However, ancient Greek , Watt's machine put " editor" name was of the same origin . , Regulators, servomekanizmalara , there is a logical integrity of the development process ranging from cybernetics , had a complementary qualities in short ...Automation in the period following the Second World War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union are aware that the dizzying developments . Oil refineries , as well as fully automated factories running on wireless devices, aluminum pistons , on the one hand as they cost structure arises specific raw materials are now at the other end ... At any stage of the work does not interfere with the human hand in everything, " it-yourselfer machines " operate . Even agriculture automation into ... America's farm in a trial in the state of Wisconsin , engineers, animals at certain times that amount of food they need a " feeder " developed .According to many restaurants , automation, the beginning of a new industrial revolution , a harbinger . Just as the first industrial revolution , not only the workers , the economy in the painful , pain - filled days cherish . To give you an idea about the different dimensions of the event , one of the nation's leading labor unions fully - automated car factory in the past and pass that traverses a story about an industrialist . "I'm afraid our machines toplayamayacaksın union dues ," says industrialist ... Trade unionists ready answer : "I'm sorry , but you satamayacaksın their cars . "In fact, it seems to me that automation-related hazards abartılıyormuş more ... How people did not disable the steam engine or an electric , in the same way , automation or leave . .. But , on the other hand will change the point of production necessarily emphasis ... The first industrial revolution , steam and electricity, people running order , it being the only horse of a milkman working muscles removed . The second industrial revolution , it is , Şarlo'nun " In contemporary times of the " vending machine " to avoid becoming ...Back - transmission and servo-mechanisms , as well as between engineers , biologists interested in the wake of inevitable. In fact, it was so. Analysis of the functioning of the nervous system , Self Organizing a simplified machines "model" is known as the exploited .
That the people of a generation ago , Karl Capek'in RUR ( Rossem'in Universal Robots ) staged very excited , had unsettled . "Robot " in Czech word "working" Capek türetmişti word ... But , people, robots accustomed themselves in the intervening period of time ... Sometimes the " automata " referred to as the mechanical devices , machines, people who will do nothing more than work , examination of living organisms as a myriad of tools utilized touches are now looking at ... For example, experts LD Bell Telephone Laboratories Harmon , just like a neuron , the necessary warning when a transistor circuit developed fueling electric pulse rate . This kind of circuits , by simulating the functions of the eye and ear are now known to be operated devices that allow a close review of audits ... English biologist Ross Ashby , the system has already set up a simple reflex responses circuits exhibiting ... Can hold itself to a balanced and stable condition , the invention of the " homoeostat " is the name of the Ashby ...The work of scientists , of course it does not end here ...British neurologist William Grey Walter developed the device is particularly interesting in this respect ... The system not only to investigate only the environment , even if it can show response . " Testudo " ( the Latin word which means turtle ) the name of the turtle in the form of this device , a photoelectric cell placed in use instead of the eye . A system is sensitive to touch , as well as one of the back and forth movement , and the other has two motors to regulate irreversible . Making large circles in the dark street, and when it comes to contact with a foreign object, stop holding back a little , turning slightly to continue its path . Until the body has been wandering around in front of the maneuvers ... Engines embedded in the body of rotation of the photoelectric cell in the future when you see a light self- standing " Testudo " target on a straight line , moving toward the light . But , unlike moths falling into the fire , stood testudo'nun fototropizması fazlalaşınca under control ... Light is very tense. There is an interesting feature ! Recharge the batteries self -discharge when the light is approached , the circuits after charging enough away to avoid burning .Another issue that comes to mind when people mention robots , they live simulation systems are a ... This view is not wrong too ... Know whether people use the tool as a single creature , in doing so, the sample was observed from nature an open ... Knife or sword, long sharp teeth of predators , human arm lever , wheel rolling down the slope - body simulation to say that a tree , to emphasize this point enough example ...People to take an example from nature , such as developing certain tools , machines, while their bodies "model" in this respect in the use of natural ...Live tissues and organs of human-made machines, the installation work by examining similar mechanisms in its infancy ... In 1960, the first time an American engineer Jack Steele uses the " bionic " ... these studies are summarized in the concept of " Biology " and " electronics" this discipline is a hybrid of the words ..." Bionic " work can be done using skin now seems unlimited. For example, sea water will cause him upheavals equal size on the basis of a boat , the dolphins swim in the normal speeds , requires a power of 2.6 hp . However, the dolphins, swimming in the water up to the boat kıpırdatmamakta , so extra effort is required to overcome the resistance of the water . According to scientists who have expressed , the reasons lies in the dolphin's skin . Developed a simulation of the skin of dolphins in the sea means Konulabilirse trunks , The boats can be done much faster with less energy .American biophysicist Jerome Lettvin'in the optic nerve by placing a small platinum electrodes interesting results of his observations retinas of frogs ... Lettvin , as a result of observations of the retina, the light through the frog's brain to send certain black dots , their interpretation has concluded that the brain does not leave . On the contrary , the frog retina , each of which is established by the existence of separate functions undertaken in five different cell types . For example, one of the cells , angular shapes programmed to react ... Between the body of the light entering the sky of a tree frog cut "corner" to give the impression of an example of this ... He pointed object, a warning to escape this ... A further function of the cell , round karaltılara react ... Frog's diet includes insects head around the corner, holding a small , round smudge it ... There is also a fast-moving objects against the frog retina stimulates the cells ... Frog required to be on the lookout for carnivores show a vital danger for sending alerts , specialized cells that special ... Fourth cells and decrease in light artmalara , sensitive to blue waters inhabited by the fifth frog ...Message is perceived by the retina of the past, scientists have " raw material " is going to the brain , processed and interpreted they think that there is . Today , these perceptions , at least " semi - finished goods as" going to the brain know that the frog retina . For people to carry out the functions of the frog retina geliştirilebilse sensors , in which man-made machines today can develop sensitivity and activity level is not to say the very top ...Simple safety subaplarından servomekanizmalara start , and then " automata " in a process extending lara , man, in search of the machines without human intervention -it-yourselfer ... Entered into a continuous effort to make it happen ... Have lead to a significant ...Today the focus of search efforts , a living mechanism , a living creature " mimic " the development of a device ... Very pretty damn ilerlendi in this area as soon as possible . More ilerlenileceğe benziyor.Ama , it will be the end ? I ask the people who does not fall behind ...Left up to the promise , but the people living organisms, they make the mechanical simulations , it may be the most interesting , of course, the human brain ... So that simulate human thinking is a process , a machine that thinks like a human being ... Machines like people think "? Or, call answer this question let another documented in the article .